Archaeological
finds in recent years in and around Jerusalem have been providing
physical evidence for the history as presented by the earliest Jewish,
Christian and Muslim sources. Some examples follow:
* In 2005, following painstaking archaeological work carried out in
a dump from an illegal Wakf construction project on the Temple Mount, researchers discovered:
a coin from the period of the First Revolt against the Romans, which
preceded the destruction of the Second Temple, bearing the phrase "For
the Redemption of Zion"; an inscription chiseled on a jar fragment of
the First Temple period, with the ancient Hebrew letters heh, ayin and
kof; A seal with five-pointed star with ancient Hebrew letters spelling
"Jerusalem" spaced between the points; a Hasmonean coin bearing
inscription "Yehonathan High Priest, friend of the Jews"; a coin of
Alexander Jannaeus; a Scytho-Iranian arrowhead, of the type used by the
Babylonian army of Nebuchadnezzar that destroyed the First Temple in
586 BCE; and more.
* In 2005, a Hebrew University archaeologist uncovered a clay seal
dated from about 580 BCE bearing the name Yehuchal Ben-Sheleimiya, who
is identified as a royal envoy and court minister sent by King Zedekiah
to the prophet Jeremiah (in chapters 37 and 38 of the Bible's Book of
Jeremiah).
Several years earlier, another circa-580 BCE royal seal was found at
the same site. It had the name of Gemaryahu, son of Shafan, who is also
mentioned in the Book of Jeremiah as a top official in the court of
King Zedekiah's predecessor, King Yehoyachim. Another seal found among
dozens of others bears the name of Azaryahu Ben-Hilkiyahu, a member of
a priestly family, who served in the Temple before Jerusalem's
destruction, according to I Chronicles 9:10.
* In May 2007 archaeologists revealed a number of seals and signet rings from the time of the Biblical Kings David and Solomon, unearthed in the City of David, below Jerusalem's Old City.
* In July 2007 an expert in ancient Babylon discovered a small clay tablet
that records a donation of gold by "the chief eunuch of King
Nebuchadnezzar," a man named Nabu-sharrussu-ukin. In Jeremiah 39, the
researcher noted, the man's name is listed as one of Nebuchadnezzar's
top ministers, who took part in the destruction of the First Holy
Temple 2,500 years ago.
* In January 2008 archaeologists discovered a stone seal
that includes the name of a family, Temech, whose members were servants
during the First Temple, were exiled to Babylonia and then returned to
Jerusalem. The seal was found near the Dung Gate walls of the Old City.
The Book of Nehemiah (Chapter 7) refers to the Temech family by name.
* In March 2008 a coin from the Second Temple
used during the turbulent Second Temple period to pay the Biblical
half-shekel head-tax was found in excavations in the City of David.
* In August of 2008 archaeologists unearthed a completely intact seal impression
bearing the name of another minister to King Zedekiah, Gedaliahu son of
Pashur, a few meters away from the site where a the seal of Yehuchal
Ben-Sheleimiya was found three years earlier.